不同种公牛精子分离效果的比较

本研究对使用经流式细胞仪分离的4头种公牛精液的分离速率、死精率以及分离后的雌性准确率进行了比较分析,结果表明,3号种公牛的精子分离速率显著高于1号和2号种公牛(P＜0.05);1号种公牛的死精率显著高于2号和3号种公牛(P＜0.05).但是3头种公牛精液分离后的雌性准确率没有显著差异.4号种公牛的死精率达到32％,所以没有分离.同时对3头种公牛精液分离及解冻后的活率进行了比较,结果表明,3头种公牛精液经流式细胞仪分离后鲜精活率差异不显著,冷冻后0h活率差异不显著,而在冷冻4h后的精子活率差异显著(p＜0.05).     

冷冻保护剂对猪精液的冷冻保护作用

论文通过阐述猪精液冷冻保护过程中冷冻保护剂与精子之间的相互作用,揭示渗透性保护剂和非渗透性保护剂的作用机制,指出目前猪精液冷冻保存的局限性,同时展望了猪精液冻存的研究趋势,为猪精液的冷冻保存研究和应用提供参考.     

Artificial insemination in pigs: predicting male fertility

Efficient artificial insemination (AI) is essential for future challenges in the pig industry. Knowledge on the exact relation between semen quality characteristics and fertility can have a major impact on both the genetic merit of future animals and the efficiency of AI. Variation in fertility is caused not only by farm- or sow-related parameters but also by boar- and semen-related parameters. In pig AI there is no gold standard concerning semen quality assessment. Assessing semen quality characteristics objectively and relating them to large field fertility datasets leads to an efficient production of insemination doses, which results in an efficient dissemination/descent of the breeding program required genes. Overall, this contributes to the development of semen quality assessments, which improves the prediction of porcine male fertility. Knowing which semen characteristics, and to what extent, contribute to male fertility and makes the field fertility more predictable.     

甘肃高山细毛羊细管鲜精低温保存效果研究

为了研究甘肃高山细毛羊种公羊细管精液低温保存的效果.用葡萄糖、柠檬酸钠、鲜奶和卵黄为主要成分配制了3种稀释液,10倍稀释精液,并在4℃保存,分别在12h,24 h,36h,48 h,60h和72 h观测精子活力和人工授精受胎率.结果显示,配方Ⅲ稀释精液后,细管封装,4℃保存,72 h后精子活力可达0.49,与配方Ⅰ和Ⅱ差异显著,而且配方Ⅲ稀释精液后,在远距离输精后受胎率可达78.3％.以柠檬酸钠和葡萄糖为基础,添加卵黄和TCM199,在4℃下,能有效保护甘肃高山细毛羊精液,延长精子寿命,且在3d内可以满足远距离人工授精要求,有效利用种公羊价值.     

Analysis of a survey of metabolic disorders

Extract

This survey was instigated in an endeavour to determine the overall incidence of metabolic disorders in dairying herds in the area covered by the Huntly District Veterinary Club. Response to treatment and mortality figures are also included.     

斑嘴鸭采精技术及精液品质研究

以人工养殖的斑嘴鸭(Anas poecilorhyncha)为研究对象,建立适于斑嘴鸭的人工采精技术,通过感官评定和显微镜镜检,对斑嘴鸭精液品质进行评价,并对其精液稀释液进行筛选.结果表明,斑嘴鸭的人工采精可采用背腹式按摩法,采精成功率可达80％以上.斑嘴鸭精液呈乳白色,采精量约0.08 mL,精子密度约8.0亿个/mL,活力0.7.1号稀释液的精子有效存活时间、生存指数及总存活时间优于其他稀释液(P＜0.05).     

不同品种公猪睾丸、精液品质发育规律及相关性研究

为明确公猪睾丸在选育中的意义，研究公猪睾丸参数、精液质量参数的发育性规律以及两者间的关联性。选择936头分布在280～1 409日龄的生产公猪，其中589头杜洛克、233头长白、114头大白。对睾丸和精液质量参数采用一般线性模型，以品种和日龄分组为固定因素进行多变量分析；使用二次项模型分品种分别对睾丸总体积和有效精子数进行发育曲线拟合；控制日龄变量，对睾丸与精液质量参数进行偏相关性分析。在睾丸大小方面：杜洛克>大白>长白，其中杜洛克与大白差异不显著（P>0.05），但两者均极显著（P<001）高于长白；在精液质量整体比较上：长白优于杜洛克优于大白，但差异不显著（P>0.05）；但在体积、密度、活力和畸形率上，三品种公猪均存在显著（P>0.05）或极显著(P<0.01)差异；睾丸随日龄增长呈先增大后萎缩趋势，精液整体质量随日龄增长呈下滑趋势；三品种公猪睾丸的大小均与精液量和有效精子数呈正相关，且大部分具有显著（P<0.05）或极显著性(P<0.01)。同日龄时期，三品种公猪睾丸的大小顺序为杜洛克>长白>大白，其中长白大于大白具有普遍性； 综合来看，三品种的精液质量比较结果为长白优于杜洛克优于大白，其中长白优于大白具有普遍性；公猪睾丸萎缩临界日龄可用于公猪淘汰依据，选育公猪时可重点选留睾丸较大者。     

Effect of delaying the time of insemination with sex-sorted semen on pregnancy rate in Holstein heifers

The objective of the study was to evaluate the interval from onset of oestrus to time of artificial insemination (AI) to obtain the optimum pregnancy rate with sex-sorted semen in Holstein heifers. Heifers in oestrus were detected and inseminated only by using heat–rumination neck collar comprised electronic identification tag at the age of 13–14 months. Heifers (n = 283) were randomly assigned to one of three groups according to the timing of insemination at 12–16 hr (G1, n = 97), at 16.1–20 hr (G2, n = 94) and at 20.1–24 hr (G3, n = 92) after reaching the activity threshold. The mean duration of oestrus was 18.6 ± 0.1 hr, and mean peak activity was found at 7.5 ± 0.1 hr after activity threshold. The mean interval from activity threshold to ovulation was 29.4 ± 0.4 hr. The overall pregnancy per AI (P/AI) was 53.0% at 29–35 days and 50.9% at 60–66 days after AI. There was a significant reduction between G1 (13.8 ± 1.4 hr) and G3 (7.9 ± 1.4 hr) related to the intervals from AI to ovulation time. Sex-sorted semen resulted in significantly higher P/AI at 29–35 days when heifers inseminated in G3 (60.9%) after oestrus than those inseminated in G1 (49.5%) and G2 (48.9%). In terms of fertility, when the temperature–humidity index (THI) was below the threshold value (THI ≤65) at the time of AI, there was a tendency (≤65; 57.2% vs. > 65; 47.1%) for high pregnancy rate. There was no effect of sire on P/AI. In addition, the interaction of the technician with the time of AI was found significant, and three-way interaction of technician, sire and time of AI was tended to be significant on pregnancy rate. Thus, in addition to delaying the time of insemination (between 20.1 and 24 hr) after oestrous detection, THI and experienced technician were also found to be critical factors in increasing fertility with the use of sex-sorted semen in Holstein heifers.     

白藜芦醇对绵羊冷冻精液质量的影响

试验旨在研究白藜芦醇对绵羊冷冻精液质量的改善效果。采用假阴道法采集6只云南半细毛羊精液，用含不同浓度（0、0.1、1、10、20 μmol/L）白藜芦醇的Optidyl稀释液稀释后进行细管分装，低温平衡和液氮气相预冻后，在液氮中保存30 d。解冻后测定精子活力、质膜完整性、磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）分布、顶体完整性和活性氧等指标。结果表明，解冻后10 μmol/L白藜芦醇组精子总活力、直线运动百分率、精子弯尾率分别为76.14%±0.97%、43.56%±0.91%、43.24%±1.68%，均显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）；而20 μmol/L白藜芦醇组精子总活力、直线运动百分率、精子弯尾率分别为21.78%±0.79%、25.23%±1.34%、4.84%±0.68%，均显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）。10 μmol/L白藜芦醇组精子顶体完整性最高，为50.47%±0.91%，显著高于其他各处理组（P<0.05）。PS分布结果表明，10 μmol/L白藜芦醇组正常精子百分率为46.43%±2.95%，显著高于20 μmol/L组（31.14%±3.56%，P<0.05），与其他各组无显著性差异（P>0.05）。20 μmol/L白藜芦醇组PS标记率（39.82%±3.38%）显著高于其他处理组（P<0.05）。活性氧试验结果表明，10 μmol/L白藜芦醇组正常精子（63.57%±0.71%）显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）；而20 μmol/L白藜芦醇组正常精子（32.45%±1.42%）显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）。综上，在冷冻稀释液中添加白藜芦醇可以改善绵羊冷冻精液品质，这与白藜芦醇的抗氧化特性有关。但是，白藜芦醇的冷冻保护效果具有明显的浓度依赖性，其最佳作用浓度为10 μmol/L，过高浓度的白藜芦醇反而加重精子的冷冻损伤。此外，对于白藜芦醇对绵羊精子的抗冻保护效果仍然需要体外受精或人工授精验证。     

Stallion Semen Cooling Using Native Phosphocaseinate-based Extender and Sodium Caseinate Cholesterol-loaded Cyclodextrin-based Extender

The objective of this study was to compare semen parameters and embryo recovery rates of cooled stallion semen extended with INRA 96 or BotuSemen Gold. In experiment 1, 45 ejaculates from nine mature stallions were collected, assessed, and equally split between both extenders and then extended to 50 million sperm/mL. Then, the extended semen was stored in three passive cooling containers (Equitainer, Equine Express II, and BotuFlex) for 48 hours. In experiment 2, the same ejaculates extended in experiment 1 were cushion-centrifuged, the supernatant was discarded, and the pellets were resuspended at 100 million sperm/mL with their respective extender. Semen was then cooled and stored as in experiment 1. In both experiments, sperm motility parameters, plasma membrane integrity, and high mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed at 0, 24, and 48 hours post cooling. For experiment 3, 12 mares (n = 24 cycles) were bred with 48 hour–cooled semen from one stallion. Semen was processed as described in experiment 1. Mares had embryo flushing performed by 8-day post-ovulation. In experiment 1, BotuSemen Gold displayed superior total and progressive motility relative to INRA 96 (P < .05). There were no significant differences between the types of containers in any experiment. In experiment 2, INRA 96 and BotuSemen Gold extenders had similar total and progressive motility, but BotuSemen Gold had superior sperm velocity parameters at all timepoints. Embryo recovery was identical for both extenders (50%). Finally, the results obtained herein suggest that BotuSemen Gold is a suitable alternative to be included in semen cooling tests against INRA 96 in clinical practice.